3SBS #1-10 p.258

1. Petroleum is sometimes considered "buried sunshine" because as a fossil fuel, it originates from biomolecules of prehistoric plants and animals. The energy released by burning petroleum represents energy originally captured from sunlight by these prehistoric green plants during photosynthesis, hence "buried sunshine". 

2. A) Potential energy is energy of position, or stored energy ready to be released. An example of potential energy is the energy within an unreleased winded up spring toy.

    B) Kinetic energy is energy related to motion. A car rolling down a hill is an example of kinetic energy.

3. Chemical energy, another form of potential energy, is stored within the bonds in chemical compounds. When an energy-releasing reaction takes place, the bonds break and reactant atoms reorganize to form new bonds and release energy. If more energy is released than originally started with, the reaction is exothermic, but if less energy is released than originally started with, the reaction is endothermic.

4. A molecule of butane has more potential energy; it has more carbons than methane and a higher boiling point than methane. The bonds of butane are harder to break than the bonds of methane, resulting its higher potential energy.

5. A) Potential energy

B) Potential energy

C) Kinetic energy

D) Potential energy

E) Kinetic energy

6. Energy is required to break chemical bonds because it is what causes the reactant bonds to break and reorganize to form new bonds and energy.

7. A) Exothermic energy is released than is required to begin the chemical reaction.

    B) Endothermic energy is required to crack large hydrocarbon molecules than is released.

    C) Endothermic takes more energy to digest a candy bar than the energy released after digestion.

8. The product of a burning candle yields more energy than the energy to begin the reaction with an unlit candle. Since more energy is let off than required to begin the reaction, burning a candle is an exothermic reaction.

9. 

10. The law of conservation of energy states that energy is neither created nor destroyed in any mechanical, physical, or chemical processes.